71 research outputs found
What is Fair Pay for Executives? An Information Theoretic Analysis of Wage Distributions
The high pay packages of U.S. CEOs have raised serious concerns about what
would constitute a fair pay.Comment: 16 page
Recognizing complex faces and gaits via novel probabilistic models
In the field of computer vision, developing automated systems to recognize people
under unconstrained scenarios is a partially solved problem. In unconstrained sce-
narios a number of common variations and complexities such as occlusion, illumi-
nation, cluttered background and so on impose vast uncertainty to the recognition
process. Among the various biometrics that have been emerging recently, this
dissertation focus on two of them namely face and gait recognition.
Firstly we address the problem of recognizing faces with major occlusions amidst
other variations such as pose, scale, expression and illumination using a novel
PRObabilistic Component based Interpretation Model (PROCIM) inspired by key
psychophysical principles that are closely related to reasoning under uncertainty.
The model basically employs Bayesian Networks to establish, learn, interpret and
exploit intrinsic similarity mappings from the face domain. Then, by incorporating
e cient inference strategies, robust decisions are made for successfully recognizing
faces under uncertainty. PROCIM reports improved recognition rates over recent
approaches.
Secondly we address the newly upcoming gait recognition problem and show that
PROCIM can be easily adapted to the gait domain as well. We scienti cally
de ne and formulate sub-gaits and propose a novel modular training scheme to
e ciently learn subtle sub-gait characteristics from the gait domain. Our results
show that the proposed model is robust to several uncertainties and yields sig-
ni cant recognition performance. Apart from PROCIM, nally we show how a
simple component based gait reasoning can be coherently modeled using the re-
cently prominent Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) by intuitively fusing imaging,
logic and graphs.
We have discovered that face and gait domains exhibit interesting similarity map-
pings between object entities and their components. We have proposed intuitive
probabilistic methods to model these mappings to perform recognition under vari-
ous uncertainty elements. Extensive experimental validations justi es the robust-
ness of the proposed methods over the state-of-the-art techniques.
AI-driven Hypernetwork of Organic Chemistry: Network Statistics and Applications in Reaction Classification
Rapid discovery of new reactions and molecules in recent years has been
facilitated by the advancements in high throughput screening, accessibility to
a much more complex chemical design space, and the development of accurate
molecular modeling frameworks. A holistic study of the growing chemistry
literature is, therefore, required that focuses on understanding the recent
trends and extrapolating them into possible future trajectories. To this end,
several network theory-based studies have been reported that use a directed
graph representation of chemical reactions. Here, we perform a study based on
representing chemical reactions as hypergraphs where the hyperedges represent
chemical reactions and nodes represent the participating molecules. We use a
standard reactions dataset to construct a hypernetwork and report its
statistics such as degree distributions, average path length, assortativity or
degree correlations, PageRank centrality, and graph-based clusters (or
communities). We also compute each statistic for an equivalent directed graph
representation of reactions to draw parallels and highlight differences between
the two. To demonstrate the AI applicability of hypergraph reaction
representation, we generate dense hypergraph embeddings and use them in the
reaction classification problem. We conclude that the hypernetwork
representation is flexible, preserves reaction context, and uncovers hidden
insights that are otherwise not apparent in a traditional directed graph
representation of chemical reactions
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Soft Regulation with Crowd Recommendation: Coordinating Self-Interested Agents in Sociotechnical Systems under Imperfect Information
Regulating emerging industries is challenging, even controversial at times. Under-regulation can result in safety threats to plant personnel, surrounding communities, and the environment. Over-regulation may hinder innovation, progress, and economic growth. Since one typically has limited understanding of, and experience with, the novel technology in practice, it is difficult to accomplish a properly balanced regulation. In this work, we propose a control and coordination policy called soft regulation that attempts to strike the right balance and create a collective learning environment. In soft regulation mechanism, individual agents can accept, reject, or partially accept the regulator’s recommendation. This non-intrusive coordination does not interrupt normal operations. The extent to which an agent accepts the recommendation is mediated by a confidence level (from 0 to 100%). Among all possible recommendation methods, we investigate two in particular: the best recommendation wherein the regulator is completely informed and the crowd recommendation wherein the regulator collects the crowd’s average and recommends that value. We show by analysis and simulations that soft regulation with crowd recommendation performs well. It converges to optimum, and is as good as the best recommendation for a wide range of confidence levels. This work sheds a new theoretical perspective on the concept of the wisdom of crowds
Scaling up vaccine production through ‘copying exactly’
Waiving intellectual property rights and donating vaccines are not enough to vaccinate the world quickly, write Arnab Acharya, Aaron Moment (Columbia), Sanjay Reddy (The New School) and Venkat Venkatasubramanian (Columbia). The solution is to scale up production by sharing production methods freely, giving companies a financial incentive where necessary
Robust and Efficient Swarm Communication Topologies for Hostile Environments
Swarm Intelligence-based optimization techniques combine systematic
exploration of the search space with information available from neighbors and
rely strongly on communication among agents. These algorithms are typically
employed to solve problems where the function landscape is not adequately known
and there are multiple local optima that could result in premature convergence
for other algorithms. Applications of such algorithms can be found in
communication systems involving design of networks for efficient information
dissemination to a target group, targeted drug-delivery where drug molecules
search for the affected site before diffusing, and high-value target
localization with a network of drones. In several of such applications, the
agents face a hostile environment that can result in loss of agents during the
search. Such a loss changes the communication topology of the agents and hence
the information available to agents, ultimately influencing the performance of
the algorithm. In this paper, we present a study of the impact of loss of
agents on the performance of such algorithms as a function of the initial
network configuration. We use particle swarm optimization to optimize an
objective function with multiple sub-optimal regions in a hostile environment
and study its performance for a range of network topologies with loss of
agents. The results reveal interesting trade-offs between efficiency,
robustness, and performance for different topologies that are subsequently
leveraged to discover general properties of networks that maximize performance.
Moreover, networks with small-world properties are seen to maximize performance
under hostile conditions
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